Negative life experiences are well-established risk factors for mental health problems, yet evidence from low- and middle-income countries remains limited. Many studies also overlook area-level factors that may influence these . . .

This study aimed to identify the determinants associated with 4 smoking trajectories (never smoking, current smoking, consistently quitting smoking, and smoking relapse) among Indonesian children using pooled national data. This . . .

Street children in urban community need protection against several risk factors easily affecting them, one of which is smoking habit. Interventions targeting their smoking habits will improve public health and . . .

Health equity is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the fair opportunity for everyone to attain their full health potential regardless of demographic, social, economic or geographic strata. . . .

The prohibition on using social assistance funds for purchasing cigarettes has been stipulated in the Minister of Social Affairs Decree Number 175 of 2022. However, the primary goal of this . . .

INTRODUCTION Conventional (tobacco) and e-cigarette smoking prevalence is a growing concern in Indonesia. It has worsened as e-cigarettes complement conventional cigarettes, resulting in dual users, potentially causing an additional burden . . .

Background Indonesia implemented one of the world’s largest single-payer national health insurance schemes (the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional or JKN) in 2014. This study aims to assess the incidence of catastrophic . . .

Indonesia has committed to deliver universal health coverage by 2024. Reforming the country’s health financing system is key to achieving this commitment. We aimed to evaluate how the benefits and . . .

Moving towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC) requires a sustainable and equitable health financing system. Health financing should not only seek to raise sufficient funds and use them efficiently but do . . .

Many countries implementing pro-poor reforms to expand subsidized health care, especially for the poor, recognize that high-quality healthcare, and not just access alone, is necessary to meet the Sustainable Development . . .